tugas anorganik 2

Modern chemistry has depended upon the use of models of increasing comlexity. Atoms can be represented as spheres connected by cyclinders or sticks. In order to understand the mechanism of many reactions, Lewis Theory, developed by Robinson and Ingold, can provide a succesful answer.
Lewis Theory uses curly arrows to denote electron migration during a chemical reaction and has led to a greater understanding of the factors controlling chemical reactions.
Pauling with others, developed Resonance Theory, which provided the rationale to an all-embracing orbital theory. The use of "canonical forms" and "resonance hybrids", alonng with extensive use of curvy arrows has provided the fundamental background to modern organic theory, but for eg. Diels-Alder and pericyclic reactions, the curly arrow format is not very clear and in some instances the reactions are described as no-machanism reactions. Woodward and Hoffmann showed that by examining the interaction of the frontier molecular orbitals (ie. the Highest Occupied, HOMO and Lowest Unoccupied, LUMO) both the regio- and stereospecificity could be accountred for.

molecular orbital energy level of KF
₁₉K = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

₉F = 1s² 2s² 2p⁵